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Debt consolidation can be a smart way to pay off debt in some cases. We have written before about specific debt consolidation strategies that you can use, including balance transfers, consolidation loans, and debt management plans (though DMPs are slightly different than true “consolidation”). But despite some of the perks, consolidation has drawbacks.
One potential drawback is the impact to your credit score. You might be wondering if consolidation hurts your credit. It turns out that the answer is a mixed bag. Some aspects of debt consolidation can hurt your credit score slightly in the short-term. Other aspects could cause positive changes to your credit score over the medium- and long-term. It really boils down to the specifics of your situation and how you manage your debt after consolidation. Let’s take a closer look.
Reminder: Components of a Credit Score
Before we talk about the impact of debt consolidation, it’s important to recap the components of a credit score. A FICO score is made up of your payment history (35%), amounts owed (30%), length of credit history (15%), credit mix (10%), and new credit (10%).
Debt consolidation can potentially impact all of these categories.
Minor Impacts
First, debt consolidation involves opening a new loan or line of credit (i.e. a balance transfer card). This will involve at least one new credit inquiry and lower the average age of your accounts, which can create a short-term drop in your score. One tip is to do your research first. As Experian points out, by knowing your credit score in advance and researching the loans or credit cards available, you can limit the number of inquiries, protecting your score.
If you use a balance transfer card to consolidate pre-existing credit card debt, you won’t affect your “mix” of debt. However, if you use a consolidation loan and you have not had a loan before, this could have a favorable impact on your credit mix, since you would then have credit cards and a loan on your file.
Major Impacts
The greater impacts to your score will come from payment history and amounts owed, since they are the two most heavily weighted categories of your credit score. The term “amounts owed” can be a little misleading, because it is not just about the total debt balance that you owe. What matters more is your credit utilization. This is a ratio of how much credit you are using (total balance) to how much you have available (total credit limit). A high utilization can hurt your score.
All things equal, debt consolidation can improve your credit utilization and therefore improve your credit score. To give a quick example, imagine you had three credit card accounts. Each had a $10,000 credit limit, and on each you had a $5,000 balance. This means you had a total debt balance of $15,000 out of your total $30,000 credit limit. Your utilization was 50 percent. But let’s say you then opened a balance transfer card. We will assume you could move all of your existing debt ($15,000) to the new card, and that the new card had a credit limit of $15,000. Assuming you left your previous cards open, you would now have a total balance of $15,000, but a total credit limit of $45,000. Therefore, your utilization would have dropped to 33 percent, which should have a positive impact on your credit score.
To have an immediately positive effect on your utilization, you will need to leave your previous accounts open. You have to be careful here, and know your personality. If leaving those credit cards open will be tempting—and you might run up additional credit card bills—then it may be better to close them. However, closing them will increase your utilization and lower your average age of accounts, probably hurting your score in the short-term. So, it can be a difficult choice.
Whatever you decide, the last major category is your payment history. If you have been making regular payments, but chose consolidation simply to get a lower interest rate, then you may not have much difficulty with making on-time payments, and that should help your score. In fact, you may find payments to be more manageable after consolidation. On the other hand, if you are already struggling and you leave old accounts open (again, creating the opportunity that you might spend more than you can repay), this could lead to missed payments and, in turn, hurt your credit score.
Are You Asking the Right Question?
If you are considering debt consolidation or other repayment strategies, it is only natural that you want to know the impact to your credit score. Credit scores are important, particularly when it comes to major financial goals like buying a home. However, you do not want to miss the forest for the trees. You might want to consider what your top priority is. In all likelihood, it’s that you pay off your debt efficiently and reliably.
Debt consolidation, through a balance transfer or consolidation loan, may be the right way to achieve that goal. It is likely a great option if you already have good to excellent credit, can pay off the debt quickly (before promotional interest rates expire), and can avoid some of the hefty fees consolidation loans and balance transfer cards often charge. However, the short-term boost to your credit will not be worth very much if you find yourself in significant debt again in the near future. What’s best for your credit score in the long-term is whatever approach allows you to reduce your debt to a manageable level and keep it there.
If you would like more help deciding which repayment option is best, consider checking out our debt relief comparison guide, or working with a credit counselor.
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It’s a question we hear all the time from people who are new to the tradeline industry. Perhaps you have even asked it yourself. In this article, we explain how tradelines work and how they can affect your credit.
What Are Tradelines to Your Credit?
While the term “tradeline” simply means any credit account, in our business, it usually refers specifically to authorized user (AU) tradelines, or authorized user positions on someone’s credit card. An AU tradeline is an account on which you are designated as an authorized user, which means you are not liable for the charges incurred on the account. However, the tradeline can still affect your credit file.
How Do Tradelines Work?
When someone is added as an authorized user to someone else’s account, often the full history of the account is then reflected in the records of both the primary account holder and the AU. This is because credit records do not report the date the AU was added to the account. So, as soon as the AU is added, their credit report may begin to show years of history associated with the account.
Therefore, authorized user tradelines can be used as a way to add credit history to someone’s credit report.
One common example of this is when a parent designates their child as an authorized user of one of their credit cards as a way to help them start building credit early in life. In fact, this practice of building credit as an authorized user, often called “credit piggybacking,” is frequently promoted by banks and financial education sites.
What Are Tradelines Used For?
Parents often use piggybacking as a strategy to help their children build credit early in life.
As we mentioned, tradelines can add years of credit history to your credit report. The power of a tradeline is always relative to what is already in your credit file, so if you are interested in building credit as an authorized user, make sure to choose a tradeline that surpasses what you already have in your credit profile.
How Do Tradelines Affect Your Credit?
Adding quality tradelines to your credit file can influence many of the variables that are related to your credit, such as your average age of accounts, age of oldest account, overall utilization ratio, number of accounts, mix of accounts, and more.
The most important factor that tradelines bring to the table is age, because with age also comes perfect payment history. These two factors combined are the most significant influence on one’s credit.
Due to the power of these factors, adding AU tradelines to your credit file is often preferable over opening new primary tradelines. This is because new primary tradelines will have no age and will probably have relatively low credit limits, which can drag down important metrics in your credit file.
Authorized user tradelines, which are authorized user positions on someone’s credit card, can be used to build credit history.
In contrast, authorized user tradelines already have significant age and high credit limits.
Can You Buy Tradelines?
The tradeline industry took this concept of “piggybacking credit,” as it is often called, and created a marketplace where tradelines could be bought and sold. Essentially, people who want to add tradelines to their credit file can pay a fee to be an authorized user on someone else’s credit card, even if the two parties are complete strangers.
Tradeline companies serve as the intermediary, protecting the privacy of both the cardholders and the authorized users and facilitating the transaction.
A marketplace now exists where consumers can pay a fee to piggyback on others’ tradelines as authorized users.
Tradelines have been around since the advent of the modern credit system. Virtually as long as credit cards have existed, people wanted to be able to share access to their account with others, such as spouses, children, or employees.
However, the role of authorized users was not always considered equally by the credit bureaus. Until the Equal Opportunity Credit Act of 1974, creditors often used to report accounts that were shared by married couples as being only in the husband’s name. This prevented women from building up a credit history in their own names.
In response to this unequal treatment, ECOA was passed to prohibit discrimination in lending.
Regulation B is a section of ECOA that requires creditors to report spousal AU accounts to the credit bureaus and consider them when evaluating credit history. Since lenders generally do not distinguish between AUs who are spouses and those who are not, this effectively requires that credit bureaus must treat all AU accounts the same.
The Equal Credit Opportunity Act prohibits credit discrimination.
It was as a result of this policy that the practice of “piggybacking credit” emerged as a common and acceptable way for consumers with good credit to help their spouses, children, and loved ones build credit.
Thanks to ECOA, authorized user tradelines are still weighted very heavily in credit scoring models.
For more on the history of AU tradelines and the policies and regulations that govern our industry, read our article, “Do Tradelines Still Work in 2019?”
Are Tradelines Legal or Illegal?
While Tradeline Supply Company, LLC does not provide legal advice, we can answer this common question by referring to official proceedings and statements from the authorities.
The issue of tradelines and credit piggybacking went all the way up to the U.S. Congress in 2008, when FICO tried—unsuccessfully—to eliminate authorized user benefits from its credit scoring model. They ultimately reversed their stance and decided to keep factoring AU benefits into credit scores thanks to the Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974.
The Federal Trade Commission and the Federal Reserve Board have also weighed in on this topic. In 2010, the Federal Reserve Board conducted a large-scale study on piggybacking and found that over one-third of the credit files that could be scored had at least one AU account in their credit profile, which shows that piggybacking credit is an extremely common practice.
After the issue of piggybacking credit was discussed in Congress, FICO admitted that it could not legally eliminate authorized user benefits.
Learn more about your legal right to use authorized user tradelines in our article, “Are Tradelines Legal?”
How Do I Add Tradelines to My Credit Report?
To add tradelines to your credit report, you can either open your own primary accounts or you can be added as an authorized user to someone else’s credit account. For many people, it is difficult to start building credit on their own because creditors are hesitant to lend to someone with no credit history, which is why the authorized user route is an appealing option.
If you are seeking to add authorized user tradelines to your credit report, you can either ask someone you trust to add you to one or more of their accounts or purchase tradelines from a tradeline company. The benefit of buying tradelines as opposed to asking for a favor from someone you know is that all of our tradelines are guaranteed to have perfect payment histories and low utilization.
How Much Does It Cost to Buy Tradelines?
Our tradelines range in price from $150 to around $1,500 depending on two main variables:
The tradeline’s age The tradeline’s credit limit
Our tradelines stay on your credit report for about two months.
Generally, the older the tradeline is and the higher the credit limit is, the more powerful it will be and the higher the price will be (and vice versa). We delve into further details and examples of the cost of tradelines on our FAQ page, “How Much Do Tradelines Cost?”
How Long Does a Tradeline Stay on Your Credit Report?
Our tradelines stay on your credit report for two reporting cycles, which is approximately two months.
After the two months of being an active authorized user is complete, you will be removed from the account and the tradeline will then appear as closed. A closed tradeline will often remain on your credit report for several years.
However, your strategy may vary depending on your specific goals. There are some situations in which the credit limit can be more important. Our in-depth tradeline buyer’s guide that has all the information you need to help you choose a tradeline.
In choosing the right tradelines for you, It is helpful to be able to calculate how a tradeline could affect your average age of accounts and utilization ratios. Try out our custom tradeline calculator, which does the math for you!
How many tradelines you need depends on your specific situation. There are different cases in which buyers may want to get two or three tradelines, or sometimes even more, but there are other cases in which one tradeline will suffice.
If you really want to maximize your results and you have the budget to do so, buying multiple high-quality tradelines is the way to go. However, if you have budget constraints to deal with, it is usually best to focus your resources on one excellent tradeline.
Historically, only those with privilege and wealth have been able to use the strategy of credit piggybacking. Those who do not have family members with good credit to ask for help, or could not afford the high cost of tradelines, had nowhere to turn, so their options for building credit are often extremely limited and very costly.
To us, it does not seem fair that some people have the option of credit piggybacking but others do not. By offering tradelines at affordable prices, we aim to bridge this gap and help provide a chance at equal credit opportunity for all.
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