Ask an Expert: Why don’t I have a perfect credit score?

Q. I have a credit score of 670. I don’t understand why it is so low. My wife and myself own a home with no mortgage. I have been employed by the same company since 1990. We have an emergency fund of $35,000. I carry a debit card from the bank we use. I have a best buy card but not used for 10 years. I have no other credit cards. My credit reports don’t have anything negative on them. One report didn’t show our current residence, and I am disputing that currently. So why is my credit score so low, I would think it should be near perfect?

Dear Reader,

You seem like a reliable borrower: you have no debts, a steady income, and even savings. Although all of these are an essential part of what lenders consider when issuing credit, they are not all taken into consideration to calculate your credit score.

Your credit score is calculated using data reported by your creditors to the credit bureaus. This data includes details about your financial behavior, such as credit card usage and payments. However, information about employment, marital status, or assets, like your savings account, does not affect your credit scores. Even an incorrect home address isn’t likely to affect your score. Credit bureaus use your home address to confirm your identity and to match information to you. Although it’s recommended to correct this kind of information, doing so won’t affect your score.

There several scoring models in the U.S. lending system. FICO is the most widely used scoring model, followed by VantageScore. We will be focusing on the FICO model, but keep in mind that the factors that influence both score models are more or less the same. FICO Scores takes into consideration the following to calculate your score:

1)         Payment history (whether you pay credit lines on time and as agreed)

2)         Utilization ratio (how much you owe compared to your available credit)

3)         Age of your credit (for how long have you had credit)

4)         Credit mix (the types of credit that you have)

5)         New credit (how often you ask for new credit lines)

From what you tell us, it looks like your credit reports have no current activity. You haven’t used your Best Buy card in a while, your mortgage is paid off, and you don’t have other credit cards or loans. Because you don’t have monthly financial activities, it’s likely that your score stays more or less the same. The score you have now may be associated with the age and payment history of your Best Buy credit card and your paid-off mortgage, assuming that it is still included in your credit reports. Positive information about your mortgage will remain on your credit report for seven years after you made your last payment. After that time passes, by law, it will be removed from your credit history.

A perfect credit score is challenging to achieve. Experian calculates that only 1.2% of Americans have a perfect score of 850. But you don’t need a perfect score to get credit with the best terms and interest rates. A score above 700 is considered good enough for that. And your current 670 score is considered a good score. But, if you want to improve your score, there are strategies to help you do so.

Your first step is to add monthly financial activity to your credit report. A good way to do so is to get a credit card. You don’t have to get into new debt; instead, you can use it to pay for some of things you currently pay for with your debit card. To get your first card, do some research. There are plenty of credit cards in the market with reward programs and benefits. Just focus on finding one that meets your needs and doesn’t have an annual fee. Your current bank may be an excellent place to start looking.

Once you get your credit card, you have to learn how to use it strategically: always pay on time and, if possible, pay in full to avoid accumulating interest. Also, make sure you use 30% or less of your available credit line. The credit building journey is different from all of us. You already have solid financial habits, and boosting your score should only be a matter of consistency and time. If you would like a more personalized credit review and plan to work on your score, it’s always best to talk to an NFCC Certified Financial Counselor who can take a look at your report and give you the right recommendations based on your circumstances. Good luck!

Sincerely, 

Bruce McClary, VP of Communications, NFCC

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What the President’s Executive Actions Mean for Your Finances: Student Loans, Unemployment and Housing

Millions of Americans have been watching the developments in Washington D.C. closely in recent weeks. With the pandemic and its economic effects lingering, many looked to Congress to pass additional relief, potentially including more stimulus checks to Americans. However, with talks in Congress stalling, President Trump signed executive orders and memoranda on several key issues. Notably, these did not include direct checks. This does not mean that Congress will not further deliberate, and it is still possible that Congress will pass a bill providing additional relief. But for now, here is what you need to know about a few key topics—evictions, unemployment benefits, and student loans—after the President’s recent actions.

Evictions (No Federal Moratorium for Now)

President Trump signed an executive order related to assistance for renters and homeowners, but this order is limited. The CARES Act had previously created a moratorium on evictions for federally subsidized housing and properties with federally-backed mortgages. However, those protections expired on July 25. The new executive order does not renew this moratorium or create a new moratorium. Instead, it directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Director of CDC to consider whether additional eviction protections are necessary. It also directs other federal agencies to take steps toward helping tenants during this time.

What should you do? The good news here is that this may lead to some additional protections for renters in the near future. But as of now, there is no widespread protection or moratorium from the federal government. If you are at risk of eviction, you should follow our tips in this post, specifically about knowing the current law in your state (some states have their own moratoriums or other restrictions) and contacting legal aid or other groups for help.

Student Loans

In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Trump administration announced a plan for federal student loan relief that involved suspending payments and temporarily reducing interest rates to zero percent. The CARES Act later extended this program, and set an expiration date of September 30, 2020. In an executive memorandum signed last week, President Trump extended these protections through December 31, 2020.

What should you do? First, you must remember that this only applies to federal student loans. If you have private student loans, you need to continue making payments or working within whatever arrangement you have made with your lender. In the case of federal loans, you likely will not need to contact your servicers in order to have your payments paused through the end of the year—this is supposed to happen automatically. Still, keep an eye on your statements and other communications to be sure.

If you are in the fortunate position of having money left over each month to put toward your student loans (and you don’t have other debt with higher interest rates), then continuing to aggressively pay the loans may be a great move. After all, the loans will be much cheaper in the long run if you prevent as much interest from accumulating. The order specifically allows for you to continue making payments if you would like.

On the other hand, if you are not in a position to be repaying your loans currently, think of this order as a measure that can buy you some more time. Start setting aside money for when your monthly payments begin again next January. Reevaluate your budget and make additional cuts if you can, to help free up more funds for your savings and future loan payments.

Unemployment Benefits

The $600 in additional unemployment benefits, called for by the CARES Act, has expired. In response, President Trump signed a memorandum calling for a “lost wages assistance program” that would work similarly to the previous program but provide $400 in extra weekly benefits instead. Importantly, this new program has a new eligibility requirement: in order to receive the extra $400, you must be receiving at least $100 in state unemployment. This means if you receive less than $100 in state unemployment benefits, you will not be eligible. One economist estimates that this will exclude about six percent of unemployed people.

The other details of this program are still coming together. The President’s action calls for states to provide 25 percent of the funding, something states may not be able to do for very long. The program has multiple scenarios under which it could end, with one potential ending date of December 6, 2020.

Out of all the executive actions, this may be the one to watch most closely. It arguably presents the greatest logistical challenges, especially given that states have struggled to handle abrupt changes in unemployment benefits and have constrained budgets.

What should you do? First, do not rely on receiving these extra benefits in the immediate future. There is no guarantee that the new program will be implemented in your state right away. Follow the news to learn about the developments of this issue, and stay in touch with your state unemployment office for the latest information and any action required on your part.

These changes may impact your situation. And, there may be more helpful changes and programs on the horizon. For now, continue focusing on what you can control, like maintaining a budget and trying to stick to it each month. We are here to help, contact a credit counselor for a free review of your situation.

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CFPB Extends Comment Period on Request for Information on Ways to Prevent Credit Discrimination and Build a More Inclusive Financial System

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (Bureau) announced today that it will provide an additional 60 days for public comment on its Request for Information (RFI) on how best to create a regulatory environment that expands access to credit and ensures … Continue reading →

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